Which technique is often uncomfortable for both trainer and dog and may not work?

• A. Modeling
• B. Shaping
• C. Capturing
• D. Targeting

Answer: (B)

Shaping trains by reinforcing successive, closer approximations to a target behavior. This approach often feels uncomfortable for both trainer and dog because progress tends to be slow and split into many small trials before the final behavior appears. The trainer must set clear, incremental criteria and patiently reinforce near-misses or partial actions, which can make sessions feel lengthy and can create tension if the dog isn’t progressing. If rewards aren’t timed well or the dog isn’t motivated, the process can stall and become frustrating. When done well, shaping builds complex skills from simple steps, but it depends on pacing, consistent reinforcement, and accurate read of the dog’s signals; without that, it may not work. By comparison, modeling, capturing, and targeting typically involve more immediate cues or natural behaviors and are often quicker and more comfortable for both parties.