Which intermittent reinforcement schedule is considered best for maintaining training?

• A. Fixed ratio
• B. Variable or random ratio
• C. Fixed interval
• D. Variable interval

Answer: (B)

Intermittent reinforcement schedules, where rewards come after some but not every correct response, influence how long a trained behavior lasts when rewards aren’t guaranteed. The most durable maintenance comes from a variable-ratio schedule, where rewards are given after an unpredictable number of correct responses. This unpredictability makes the dog continually perform the behavior at a high, steady rate because it can’t anticipate exactly when the next reward will arrive. As a result, the behavior is highly resistant to extinction and persists even if reinforcement becomes less frequent or pauses occur.

In contrast, a fixed ratio produces clear bursts of responding followed by a pause after each reward, and once reinforcement stops, the behavior tends to fade more quickly. A fixed interval leads to a pattern of rapid responding as the time for the next reward approaches, then a drop-off after reinforcement. A variable interval yields steady but typically less vigorous responding than a variable ratio and isn’t as robust for long-term maintenance. Hence, the best choice for maintaining training is the variable-ratio schedule.