Which component is listed first in the Hierarchy of Procedures for addressing canine behavior?

• A. Health, nutritional & physical factors
• B. Positive Reinforcement
• C. Extinction
• D. Negative punishment

Answer: (A)

The first thing to check is health, nutrition, and physical factors. A dog’s medical status or physical condition can drive, mask, or complicate behavior problems, so addressing any health issues or bodily needs is essential before attempting behavior change. Pain, illness, dental problems, hormonal imbalances, or poor nutrition can alter mood, energy, and responsiveness, making training ineffective or even harmful if not resolved. Ensuring appropriate exercise, enrichment, and a balanced diet supports the dog’s overall well-being and readiness to learn, reducing behavior that stems from discomfort or energy imbalances. Only after these needs are met do we move on to behavior-change strategies, because training will be more reliable and humane when the body and environment are in good shape.